Monday, May 25, 2020

Effects of Divorce on Childre - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1661 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/13 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Effects of Divorce on Children ABSTRACT: With over 50% of marriages today ending in divorce the pressing question is what, if any, kind of effect does this have on children involved under the age of 18. With divorce on the rise, and the rate of divorce increasing 10-fold over the last 100 years this is a question that must be asked. This paper includes the analysis of various websites, articles, and books, even an article 15 years old. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Effects of Divorce on Childre" essay for you Create order This paper will study the research that’s been conducted on the children of broken marriages and study the different factors that play into the success or failure of various age groups and demographics. Research will show the different physical, biosocial, and psychosocial effects and factors of children from marriages and single parent homes. This research will show that there are many different factors that play into the development of children through trying times. EFFECTS OF DIVORCE ON CHILDREN With divorce rates increasing by more than 10-fold over the past 100 years, there have been countless studies on the effects that these family changes have on children (Furstenberg 1990). Researchers agree that there are indeed consequences to the nuclear family being separated; however, the extent of the aftermath is still debated. Some areas of discussion are: 1. What are the short-term effects of divorce on children? 2. What are the long-term effects of divorce on children? 3. What are the factors that make divorce â€Å"easier† on children? The research conducted here will focus on these three questions, and break the first two questions down into cognitive, biosocial, and psychosocial arenas to examine them further. Are there short-term effects of divorce on children? Short-term effects of divorce in the case of children are probably the most studied because the results are easier to gather for obvious reasons; it’s much harder to study a single individual over the course of years than it is months. Researchers have found plenty of areas that are affected by the splitting of the nuclear family setting. We will classify these findings into cognitive, biosocial, and psychosocial findings. cogniTIve short-term effects Much of the research conducted on divorce and children is inconclusive. On one hand, Amato’s research found that when it comes to cognitive development children who place part of the blame for their parents’ divorce on themselves are more poorly adjusted which lead to the children showings signs of psychosocial issues which will be discussed in detail shortly (Emery and Kelly 2003). Emery and Kelly point out another important part of the cognitive development of children who experience divorce. Their research indicates that most children aren’t informed about the separation the parents are about to partake in which leaves children confused, and with no one to blame (2003). Berger confirms, only 56% of children live with their nuclear family so issues like these are important (2008). Foulkes’ research adds to this topic by explaining that preschoolers’ underdeveloped cognitive ability, and egocentric nature contribute to their guilt when their parents get divorced (2001). This indicates that their understanding could result in â€Å"acting-out† or other negative behavior. From the cognitive standpoint much of the effects depend on age and the current cognitive ability (Foulkes 2001). biosocial short-term effects The biosocial effects are perhaps the easiest to identify. Furstenberg’s research affirms, â€Å"The most obvious effect of divorce is that it typically brings about a sudden reconfiguration of the family (1990). † This reconfiguration usually results in the female gaining custody of the children while the male is left to his own devices. According to Furstenberg’s research this leaves the female at a double disadvantage because not only do they solely bare the responsibility of the children, but also research shows that the male leaves with the highest economic capability (1990). In addition to economic conditions worsening, divorce causes one parent to usually be left out in the children’s lives and so this results in a feeling of parental loss in children (Hughes, 2009). Either of these biosocial situations could lead to socioeconomic situations that are lacking compared to people with two parents in the home. These factors could all contribute to psychosocial issues, which we will discuss now. psychosocial short-term effects Amato’s research concludes that the blunt psychosocial effects that can be measured in the short-term are the effects that come from the initial breaking up (2003). He says, â€Å"The uncoupling process typically sets into motion numerous events that people experience as stressful (2003). † These stressors create an environment where emotional, behavioral, and economic downturns are more likely (Furstenberg 1990). As is the nature of psychosocial diseases effects of divorce are usually more measurable in the long-term. are there long term effects of divorce on children? There are plenty of factors and even personal experiences that tell us why divorce has an impact on children (Hughes 2009). â€Å"Divorce has damaging effects on children that extend long after parental separation. (Laurance 2003). Jayson’s article says, â€Å"My line on this is that most children are not seriously affected by divorce in the long-term, but divorce raises the risk that a child will have problems† so how do all of these things add up? What really are some effects that divorce brings about? cognitive long-term effects Research shows that long-t erm effects do not include self-guilt and blame as early effects show, but rather 80% of college students studies said they believed their parents getting divorced was the right thing (Emery and Kelly 2003). Foulkes says, â€Å"Children of divorced families tend to have long-term adjustment difficulties when there is ongoing conflict between their parents (2001). There are also relational consequences to divorce. Research indicates that children from divorced homes experience less satisfying sex lives, and marriages. From the standpoint of cognitive development, children whose parents got divorced are usually more inclusive (Furstenberg 1990). The Oklahoma Marriage Initiative even concludes that children from â€Å"broken homes† are more likely to end up divorced (n. d. ). The most prevalent long-term effects are biosocial and psychosocial. Biosocial long-term effects Researchers agree that the key risk factor for children coming from divorced homes is poverty (Laurance 2003). This stems from less parental contact, and thus less accessibility to better schools, higher education, and even business relationships (Furstengerg 1990). In relation to the short-term effects, long-term effects include the areas associated with only one parent being involved in the children’s lives: parental loss, support loss, lack of parental competence (Parker n. d. ). In addition to these areas, Furstenberg’s research shows that divorce could lead to earlier marriage, earlier sexual activity, and different views of marriage as compared to those who grew up in a nuclear family (1990). There are also psychosocial factors to divorce. psycosocial long-term effects The psychosocial effects that researchers show to exist in the lives of some victims of divorced families seem to be the most harmful. Psychological damage in the form of depression, personality disorders, and, anti-personality traits are exhibited in some children who experience divorce (Amato 2000). Though these effects may take time to manifest, Furstenberg indicates that these effects rarely last beyond adulthood (1990). One psychological disorder does remain beyond adulthood though, and it leave adult children feeling as if ever since their parents were divorced they had no control over their lives anymore (Kelly and Emery 2003). This leads to people who experience divorce to never really lose that sense of pain when considering the other parent that they â€Å"lost† (Emery and Kelly 2003). Psychosocial long-term effects are the most prevalent, and also the most debated when it comes to divorce and children. What are the factors that make divorce EASIER on children? So what can parents do to negate the effects of divorce? Obviously, not everyone who experiences divorce comes out a psychological wreck, so what went well in these cases? Amato’s research says, â€Å"Protective factors act like shock absorbers and weaken the links between divorce related events and peoples experience of stress†¦ (2000)† What â€Å"shock absorbers can ensure a smooth transition through a divorce situation? Amato’s research suggests that besides the uncontrollable factors such as age, race, and ethnicity other moderating factors include economic welfare, and the ability of the child to build good interpersonal, and intrapersonal relationships (2000). According to Foulkes research other factors include not relying on your child to meet your emotional needs, and not arguing with the other parent in front of the child (2001). In conclusion, research is inconclusive as to who is affected by divorce more, but it seems that the most damage is done to younger children who don’t understand what is going on. There are deficiencies in the research as well as to whether or not the effects seen in these children can be blamed on divorce. In my personal experience with divorce, moderators played a key role in my psychological development. Mostly, the loving support from all of my family and in my case that was all from my mom’s side kept me sane. Even to this day I still have negative feelings toward my father. When it’s all said and done though it’s impossible to predict how children will deal with divorce, because all children will deal with it differently. References Amato, P. R. The Consequences of Divorce for Adults and Children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 62(4), 1269-1287. Berger, K. S. (2008). The Developing Person Through the Life Span (7th Edition ed. ). (J. Bayne, Ed. ) New York, NY, USA: WORTH PUBLISHERS. Emery, R. E. Kelly, J. B. Children’s Adjustment Following Divorce: Risk and Resilience Perspectives. Family Relations, 52(4), 352-362, Foulkes-Jamison, L. (2001, January 1), The Effects of Divorce on Children, Retrieved from https://cpancf. com/articles_files/efffectsdivorceonchildren. asp Furstenberg, F. F. Jr. Divorce and the American Family. Annual Review of Sociology, 16, 379-403. Hughes, R. (2009, April 10), The Effects of Divorce on Children, Retrieved from https://parenting247. org/article. cfm? ContentID=646 Jayson, S. (2008, April 24), Study: Divorce May Not Cause Kids’ Bad Behavior, USA Today. Retrieved from https://www. usatoday. com/news/health/2008-04-24-divorce-kids-behavior_N. htm Laurance, J. (2003, January 24), Divorce ‘Harms Children Long After Separation’, The Independent. Retrieved from https://www. independent. co. uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/divor

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Essay on Frail Ophelia of Hamlet - 711 Words

Frail Ophelia of Hamlet Throughout Hamlet, Shakespeare makes it evident that Ophelia is very unstable. She continuously changes her mind about the way she feels. Laertes and Polonius command her to do things that she does not agree with, but she does them with no argument. Afraid to stand up for herself, she stands back and watches everyone else control her life. In Shakespeares Hamlet, Ophelia is treated as a marionette with her strings in the hands of the people around her; however, Kenneth Branagh portrays her as independent and innocent, ignoring Shakespeares representation of her as feeble-minded through complete male dominance in her thoughts and actions, her indecisiveness, and digression into madness. It is†¦show more content†¦(1.3.133-136) He goes on to say she is unable to think for herself, untruthful and insincere. Ophelia takes his words to heart and promises to remember what he has told her. In Branaghs movie, he makes this scene look as though Ophelia and Laertes are having a normal conversation. The slanderous words thrown towards Ophelia do not seem to bother her; she goes on about her business as though her brother has praised her instead of insulted her. Ophelia cannot stand on her own because she relies too much on the directions given to her by her father and brother. Ophelia has trouble deciding whether or not she loves Hamlet or thinks he loves her because she does not know how to understand her own feelings. This comes from always letting everyone else tell her what she should think. Polonius questions her about the many tenders of affection Hamlet has shown her and she replies, I do not know, my lord, what I should think(1.3.104-105). Later she says that she thinks Hamlet goes mad over her. Throughout the play she contradicts herself, showing she is ambivalent and has no set thoughts; she thinks whatever the person around her at that moment thinks. Ophelias madness comes about because she cannot stand on her own and focuses too much on the bad things around her. She is very pessimistic; she constantlyShow MoreRelated The Role of Women in Hamlet in William Shakespeares Play Essay2041 Words   |  9 PagesThe Role of Women in Hamlet in William Shakespeares Play Gertrude and Ophelia, the only two women in Hamlet, reflect the general status of women in Elizabethan Times. Women were suppressed by the males in their lives (brothers, fathers, and partners) and were always inferior. Ophelia and Gertrude have little or no power due to restricted legal, social and economic rights that were found in Elizabethan society. 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Beautiful Ophelia†¦sweet maid†¦poor wretch. Poor Ophelia. (Vest 1) All of these names for Ophelia can be found in Shakespeares The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Since Shakespeares incarnationRead More Hamlet Essay: The Unlike Characters of Gertrude and Ophelia3420 Words   |  14 PagesHamlet -- the Unlike Characters of Gertrude and Ophelia      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet features two ladies who are very unlike in character. Queen Gertrude, denounced by the ghost as faithless to King Hamlet, is pictured as evil by many, while Ophelia is seen as pure and obedient and full of good virtues. Let’s explore these two unlike people.    Rebecca Smith in â€Å"Scheming Adulteress or Loving Mother† presents an unusually â€Å"clean† image of the present queen that is not consistent

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Jetblue Airlines Strategy Audit Report - 1536 Words

JetBlue Airlines Strategy Audit Report Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University MGMT-436 May 2016 1. History of the Company JetBlue was founded by David Neeleman which was a former employee of Southwest in February of 1999. The original name for the new low cost airline was â€Å"NewAir† most of the original members to create the airlines all were former employees of southwest. JetBlue s founders wanted to originally call the airline Taxi and have a yellow paint scheme on the aircraft to associate the airline with New York. But for all of our sakes the ideas was drop by the major benefactor JP Morgan to pull its share ($20 million of the total $128 million) of the airline s initial funding unless the name was changed. JetBlue†¦show more content†¦High Value Geography – We operate from six focus cities in some of the largest travel markets in the United States. We plan to continue to grow our network, with most of our flights touching at least one of these focus cities (JetBlue, 2016). 3.Financial Overview The JetBlue Airways Corporation (JBLU), incorporated in Delaware in 1998, is the fifth largest passenger carrier in the U.S. based on revenue passenger miles. With an average of 800 daily flights, it serves more than 30 million passengers and provides flights to 82 destinations in the U.S., Caribbean, and Latin America (JetBlue, 2016). JetBlue’s operations are concentrated in the domestic market and generates 28% revenues from international routes. Its passenger revenues accounted for 91% of its total operating revenue. During 2013, JetBlue added seven new cities to its network. It also recorded operating revenue of $5.4 billion(Marketrealist,2016). Plus, it reached its highest net income of $168 million by increasing its diluted earnings per share by 30%, from $0.40 to $0.52, in 2012(Marketrealist,2016). The following chart below shows the current stock information on JetBlue. Fig, 2 (YahooFinance, 2016) JetBlue’s unique selling proposition is providing high-class services to its customers at an affordable price. It ranks first among low-cost carriers for the ninth consecutive year in J.D. Power’s customer satisfaction survey. JetBlue is also the first airline in theShow MoreRelatedJetblue Bmgt 364 Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesJet Blue Airlines BGMT 364 Alexandria Walker 01/19/2013 University of Maryland University College Professor Brockunier Abstract This paper outlines the formation of a vision statement, the mission and the values that JetBlue and Southwest airlines embrace. A firm can initiate strategic management once it forms a mission statement. That statement allows forms to aspire to its potential while bearing in mind what it wants to avoid as it successfully grows. 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Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Global Master of Business Administration (GMBA) Information technology management Term 2 Period of Study: May 2015 to August 2015 Submitted By: Under the guidance of: Aditya Sharma GJAN15IT031 Mr Gerald Thomas Gaurav Kenue GJAN15IT032 Director, Ridhi Rabra GJAN15IT034 Altruis Health Read MoreBalanced Scorecard and Strategic Analysis of Southwest Airlines2241 Words   |  9 PagesSUMMARY Southwest Airlines Co. provides low-fare, no-frills, civil air transportation. The company was incorporated in 1967 and is headquartered in Dallas, Texas. As of December 31, 2005, it operated 445 Boeing-737 aircrafts and provided service to 61 cities in 31 states. The company also provides frequent flyer awards to business partners, including credit card companies, hotels, telecommunication companies, and car rental agencies. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

How heredity and environment shap us free essay sample

Why am I so cold? Despite that numerous evidence have shown that nature and nurture are both responsible for the development of our personality, the nature and nurture concepts still stir up a lot of controversy. It is more important to know not to focus on how each affects us independently, but rather how they both interact with one another to create the unique individuals that we are. We each have different experiences as to the amount of effectiveness nature or nurture has in shaping us. When it comes to my own personality, I know that it has been greatly affected by nurture. The ancient nature vs. nurture controversy pertains to the discussion whether our personality is an aspect that is predetermined by our genes (the nature theory), or is it the environment, for example experiences and learning processes, that make us behave the way we do (the nurture theory). Evidence has proven that both nature and nurture affect our personality. We are born with certain abilities and traits and nurture takes these inborn tendencies to mold us as we experience life, learn new things and gradually mature. The question is now how much of our personality is influenced by genes and how much by the environment. It is an endless discussion that has been going on for years and yet might still rage on for many years to come. Supporters of nature say that personality has been passed down through our genes from generation to generation. Children, for example, resemble their parents by their physical appearance (like the same eye color, double chin, or skin complexion) and also by their more abstract traits (such as intelligence, extroversion, or aggression), and are also automatically in the future more susceptible to the same diseases as their parents (such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus). Joseph Le Doux, an author and professor of neural science at the New York University Center for Neural Science, points out in his article â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture: the Pendulum Still Swings with Plenty of Momentum† that the importance of genes has been proven with animals as well, for example, the way animal breeders utilize a process called controlled mating to breed dogs to get a desired behavior (1). Dogs are supposedly hunters until domesticated from the grey wolves thousands of years ago. Many breeds have been created since then to accommodate humans as herders, to pull loads, for protection, to assist police with investigations, to aid handicapped individuals or just for companionship. These dogs have been bred under close supervision and with a great amount of care through several generations to get the desired behavior. Furthermore, in an article â€Å"Nature vs. Nurture? Please don’t ask,† Mark Henderson, a Science Editor of The Times, mentions an experiment involving identical and fraternal twins. Fraternal twins were used because they are on a genetic level the closest related to one another than regular siblings. Both kinds of twins share the same environment. The results show that the identical twins share the same characteristics while the fraternal twins show less similarity with each other. The reason for this is because identical twins share their entire DNA and the fraternal twins share only half (2-3). This experiment is another indication that personality is innate. An additional supporting argument is by Steven Pinker, an experimental psychologist, linguist, author and professor at Harvard College, who states in his book The Blank Slate that people are born with skills and aspects of personality that can only be the result of heredity, for example, the capability of children to learn a language so easily must have an innate connection (148). Children have the ability for easy language acquisition, because of the unique structure of the speak organs that we humans possess. They have the ability to learn to speak very quickly, being that they have a vocabulary of 2000 words at age 5, which will double at the age of 7. Besides, language is unique to humans and that can only be because of inherited genes. Supporters of nurture say that we develop a personality as we live through life by experience, learning and interactions with our environment. What we inherit can change over time, for example, the influence that parents have on us when we were children and probably still even now as adults. They have taught us manners that we are expected to apply to our lives. If we were to act rude, punishment would be the tool to get us to the right path. This shows that synaptic plasticity is important in the development of our personality. People are born with preprogrammed synaptic links that are connected with each other in order for the brain to communicate. As we grow through life, we go through different experiences, which alter (either changing or improving) the synaptic links to accommodate us. This is called synaptic plasticity, a process that results in a change in behavior (Le Doux 1). At some point it was also thought that we are born blank slates, meaning that we are born without innate traits in our minds (completely empty minds). Our knowledge will come from experience from our parents and society as we grow each day (Pinker 148). When a baby is born, for example, we can shape it to become anything we want from a doctor to the most infamous thief on earth. There are no genetics involved but just an influencing environment. Research and experiment also believe that our childhood experiences and learning processes throughout life determine our mindset (Henderson 3). Identical twins, for example, actually rarely share 100 per cent of their DNA with each other and that their IQ scores only show around 70 percent similarity. This is an indication that there must be another factor (nurture) besides inheritance that plays a role in the development of our personality. When compared to my parents, I can see that nature has an input in my physical traits and personality as well. I am definitely a split image of my mother; we both have broad shoulders, wavy black hair, high cheekbones, slanted eyes, and a round face. Other than having the same shape hands and freckles, my father and I do not have a lot in common physically. My brother on the other hand resembles my father more. The only physical trait that my brother and I have in common is the slanted eyes. Attitudes like friendliness, generosity, loyalty, honesty, respectfulness, and thoughtfulness towards others are characteristics that I have in common with my brother and my parents. I am also very humble, caring, modest and kind like my mother. When it comes to nurture I see that in my case it’s noticeable that I have other personality traits which I cannot find on either my parents or my brother, such as ambition, determination, and awareness of opportunities. I can see clear similarities in personality between my brother and my parents. They, for example, take life with a grain of salt, living a laid back life surrounded by friends and engaging in parties, while I am constantly worrying about the future and finding ways on how to improve my life and secure my and my children’s future. Even though, my brother and I are born from and raised by the same parents, yet we do not have the same personality. The only difference between he and I is that my brother has stayed with my parents for a much longer time than I did. I had a great desire for independence and went on my own when I was only 18 years old. My environment changed and I was exposed to different experiences from which I have learned so much more and which have changed my perception about life over time. As I matured in life, I also notice that I have become less friendly and less trustworthy of people. One example is that I was a friendly individual before I came to the United States. I always had a smile on my face and knew everyone and everyone knew me. As soon as I got to New York City, I realized that I had to change the way I was. I was very depressed because I did not understand why I could not just be myself. After carefully observing my environment, I learned that being too friendly in New York City unfortunately only makes me an easier target to crime. My personality has changed from being friendly and trustworthy to less friendly and more guarded due to survival. Nature and nurture shape us to who we are today, but nurture does more of the work than nature. We are born with a set of traits, which lay the foundation to the individuals we are and any new trait would be impossible to experience unless there is change to our genetic material. These inherited traits are constantly changing as we grow older, because the environment influences us by altering and developing us even more over time. Henderson agrees that â€Å"Nature works through nurture, and nurture through nature, to shape our personalities, aptitudes, health and behaviour† (3). We need both to make us who we are, because they definitely go hand in hand. As I look at myself now and revisit my experiences from the very first day that I can remember to the present, I admit that nature is just as important as nurture in developing the woman that I am today. In my particular case it is obvious and fair to say that the environment I have been exposed to throughout my life impacted me more than nature actually did, and will still do so as long as I live. After all said and done, people will still have their own opinion about nature and nurture, which means that this debate will last for a (long) while. It is quite clear that personality is indeed caused by genes and environment, not individually, but together as proven. A gene though may make us behave a certain way, but it does not make us do things. Don’t we still have the option to choose who we want to be when we grow up?